Technical Abstract: In a litter of American Staffordshire terriers two animals with an age of 5 and 8 weeks showed ataxia, head tilt, nystagmus, exophthalmus and signs of pain. Due to progredient deterioration the animals were euthanatized. Histologically, there was a multifocal encephalomalacia. In the brain numerous tachyzoites and tissue cysts were found, which were identified as Neospora caninum by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, a diffuse non- suppurative myocarditis was present. Spinal cord, spinal nerves and skeletal muscle were not significantly altered. The dam and two clinically healthy littermates had antibodies against Neospora caninum. This paper presents the first documented cases of neosporosis in Austria.